Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®
Tax season is in full swing (everyone’s favorite time of year, right?!), and 1099s are in the process of being developed and distributed by investment broker-dealers and custodians. The two most common accounts clients own are retirement accounts (Roth IRAs, Traditional IRAs, SEP-IRAs, etc.) or after-tax investment/brokerage accounts (Joint brokerage account, individual brokerage account, trust brokerage account, etc.). Because retirement accounts and after-tax accounts are vastly different from a tax perspective, the 1099s that are generated will be much different as well. Let’s review the differences.
Retirement Accounts (Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP-IRAs, 401k, 403b, etc.)
Retirement accounts produce what’s known as a 1099-R. Yes, you guessed it – the “R” stands for retirement account! Because retirement accounts are tax-deferred vehicles, the IRS only cares about how much was withdrawn from the account and if there was any tax withheld on those distributions (the 1099-R is also accompanied by form 5498, which also shows any contributions to the retirement account). Because of the simplicity and what’s captured on this tax form, I commonly refer to a client’s 1099-R as their “retirement account’s W2”. Because of the tax-deferred nature of retirement accounts, portfolio income such as dividends, interest, and capital gains are completely irrelevant from a tax reporting standpoint. Because these income sources do not play a role within the 1099-R, there’s far less accounting that goes into producing the 1099-R, which means they are released early in the year – typically in late January/early February (around the same time most W2s are produced for those still working).
**Important Tip: For those over 70 ½ that have chosen to utilize the Qualified Charitable Distribution or ‘QCD’ strategy (click here to learn more about QCDs) and gift funds directly from their IRA, please note that not all investment companies will report these gifts on your 1099-R! If the gifts you made from your IRA directly to charity do not appear on your 1099-R, it will be your responsibility (or you can ask your advisor) to communicate how much you’ve gifted throughout the year to your tax preparer to ensure you’re receiving the tax benefits you’re fully entitled to! If gifts are missed, you would be able to file an amended tax return, but this is a time-consuming and sometimes costly step I would recommend avoiding, if possible.**
After-Tax Investment/Brokerage Accounts (Trust accounts, joint accounts, individual accounts, etc.)
After-tax investment or ‘brokerage accounts’ are very different compared to retirement accounts when it comes to tax reporting. Because these accounts are funded with after-tax dollars and not held in a retirement account, there is no tax-deferral. This means that income sources such as dividends, interest, and capital gains are taxable to clients each year – the 1099 produced for these accounts captures this data so your tax preparer can accurately complete your tax return each year. Within the 1099 summary, there are three common sections:
1099-Div: Reports dividends paid throughout the year
1099-Int: Reports interest paid throughout the year
1099-B: Reports capital gains or losses generated throughout the year
Unlike retirement accounts that are tax-deferred, dividends, interest, and capital gains/losses play a significant role within the 1099 because they are reportable on your tax return each year. Because of this, a significant amount of accounting from the various investments within your account is required to ultimately determine these figures that will be captured on your 1099. Because taxes are not withheld in these accounts if distributions ever occur, withdrawals are not captured on these 1099s as they would be on a 1099-R. Given the extensive accounting that occurs to ensure errors are not made on reportable income, the earliest these 1099s become available is typically mid-February. That said, it’s quite common for many 1099s to be distributed closer to mid-March. Because of this, I always recommend consulting with your tax professional to see if filing a tax extension would be appropriate for your situation.
As you can see, there are important differences between these different tax reporting documents. Having a better understanding of each will hopefully make your upcoming tax season a bit more manageable.
Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.
Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services are offered through Center for Financial Planning, Inc. Center for Financial Planning, Inc. is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. The foregoing information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that it is accurate or complete, it is not a statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision, and it does not constitute a recommendation. Any opinions are those of Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP® and not necessarily those of Raymond James. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional. Conversions from IRA to Roth may be subject to its own five-year holding period. Unless certain criteria are met, Roth IRA owners must be 59½ or older and have held the IRA for five years before tax-free withdrawals of contributions along with any earnings are permitted. Converting a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA has tax implications. Investors should consult a tax advisor before deciding to do a conversion.